Diet and acne: evidence-based insights for clearer skin

Can Diet Affect Acne? The Science Behind Nutrition and Skin Health

Acne is a common skin condition affecting millions worldwide, but emerging research suggests that dietary choices can significantly influence its severity. While genetics, hormones, and skincare play vital roles, what you eat may impact inflammation, sebum production, and gut health—key factors in acne development. In this article, we’ll explore the scientific evidence behind diet and acne, highlighting the best foods for clearer skin and those to avoid.

The Link Between Diet and Acne: What Research Says

1. High-Glycemic Diets and Acne

Studies suggest that high-glycemic index (GI) foods—those that rapidly raise blood sugar levels—can worsen acne by increasing insulin levels and stimulating sebum production. A 2016 systematic review in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that low-GI diets improved acne severity in multiple trials.

Foods to Avoid: White bread, sugary cereals, pastries, white rice, and soda.

Better Alternatives: Whole grains, quinoa, legumes, and fiber-rich vegetables.

2. Dairy and Acne: A Controversial Connection

Dairy consumption, particularly skim milk, has been associated with increased acne severity in some studies. Researchers believe that dairy proteins (such as whey and casein) and hormones in milk may trigger inflammation and excess oil production.

A 2018 study in The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology reported a positive correlation between dairy intake and acne, especially in adolescents.

Best Practice: Consider reducing dairy intake or switching to plant-based alternatives like almond, coconut, or oat milk if acne is a concern.

3. Omega-3s and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits

Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce acne severity. A 2020 study in Nutrientsfound that individuals with higher omega-3 intake had lower levels of inflammatory acne lesions.

Best Sources: Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), chia seeds, flaxseeds, and walnuts.

4. The Role of Gut Health in Acne

The gut-skin axis is an emerging area of research, suggesting that imbalances in gut microbiota may contribute to acne. A 2019 study in Frontiers in Microbiology highlighted the benefits of probiotics in reducing acne-related inflammation.

Gut-Friendly Foods: Fermented foods like yogurt, kimchi, sauerkraut, and kombucha can support a healthy microbiome.

Best Diet for Clear Skin: What to Eat More Of

To promote healthy skin, focus on a diet rich in:

• Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables (berries, spinach, kale) to combat oxidative stress.

• Zinc-rich foods (pumpkin seeds, chickpeas, beef) as zinc plays a role in reducing acne severity.

• Vitamin A sources (sweet potatoes, carrots) to regulate skin cell turnover.

• Hydrating foods (cucumber, watermelon) to support skin barrier function.

Final Thoughts: Can Changing Your Diet Cure Acne?

While no single food or diet can completely cure acne, emerging evidence supports the role of nutrition in skin health. A balanced, whole-foods diet with minimal processed foods, refined sugars, and dairy may help reduce breakouts. If you struggle with persistent acne, working with a functional medicine practitioner can provide a personalised approach.